Application Cases

Experiment Name: Application of the ATA-304C Power Amplifier in the Removal of Lead Ions from Low-Concentration Lead-Containing Wastewater by Half-Wave Rectification Electrochemical Method

Experiment Direction:Environmental Electrochemistry

Experimental Equipment:ATA-304C Power Amplifier, Signal Generator, Peristaltic Pump, Graphite Rods, etc.

Experiment Objective:In the half-wave rectification electrochemical method, a polyaniline-modified carbon felt electrode (PANI/CF) is used as the cathode. A device for removing lead ions from low-concentration lead-containing wastewater is assembled using a power amplifier, signal generator, and other equipment. This study enriches the understanding of the mechanism of treating low-concentration lead-containing wastewater using the half-wave rectification electrochemical method and provides a fundamental theoretical basis for accelerating the practical application of this method.

Experiment Process:

As shown in the figure, we assembled a single-chamber, membrane-free, gravity-flow device, in which all the lead-containing wastewater treatment experiments were conducted. The device uses a two-electrode system, with a graphite rod as the anode and PANI/CF as the cathode. A square wave power supply with adjustable frequency and amplitude, generated by a signal generator and the ATA-304C power amplifier, is used as the external potential. Meanwhile, a peristaltic pump continuously circulates the solution to be treated. The frequency is fixed at 1 kHz, and a series of Pb2+ extraction experiments are carried out under the interference of Na+ and Ca2+.

Experiment Results:

The results show that the device can rapidly and directly convert Pb2+ into Pb crystals and extract them from low-concentration wastewater under the interference of Na+/Ca2+. Within 12 hours, the removal rate of Pb2+ in binary solutions [Pb2+-Na+(50-500 mg/L)] is approximately ~99.9%, with the highest extraction rate reaching 14.35 mg/(L·h), which is superior to that of CF (88.4%, 9.7 mg/(L·h)).

During the extraction process, Pb2+ is continuously electro-deposited onto the electrode in the form of lead crystals under the interference of Na+/Ca2+, achieving a high-capacity extraction of >4000 mg/g. Nearly 70% of the extracted lead can be directly recovered using tweezers, avoiding the excessive use of acids and complex subsequent treatment steps.

Specifications of the ATA-304C Power Amplifier Used in the Experiment: